The use of magnetic beads to preconcentrate the AgNPs at the detection electrode further improves sensitivity. AgNPs eliminate the need for enzymatic amplification, thereby improving device stability and response time. The model analyte is labeled with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which provide 250,000-fold amplification. more We report a new type of paper analytical device that provides quantitative electrochemical output and detects concentrations as low as 767 fM. We report a new type of paper analytical device that provides quantitative electrochemical output. Third, there are no enzymes or antibodies used in the assay, thereby increasing. Second, two stages of amplification are achieved: silver nanoparticle labels provide a maximum amplification factor of 250 000 and magnetic microbeads, which are mobile solid-phase supports for the capture probes, are concentrated at a detection electrode and provide an additional ∼25-fold amplification. First, its design combines simple origami (paper folding) assembly, the open structure of a hollow-channel paper analytical device to accommodate micrometer-scale particles, and a convenient slip layer for timing incubation steps. This device is based on design principles we have reported previously for detecting proteins via a metalloimmunoassay. more Here we show that a simple paper-based electrochemical sensor, fabricated by paper folding, is able to detect a 30-base nucleotide sequence characteristic of DNA from the hepatitis B virus (HBV) with a detection limit of 85 pM. Here we show that a simple paper-based electrochemical sensor, fabricated by paper folding, is ab. The cost of the materials at the prototypic laboratory scale, excluding reagents, is just US$0.42. The paper sensor has a dynamic range of ∼2.5 orders of magnitude, only requires a simple, one-step incubation protocol, and is fast, requiring only 10 min to complete. Importantly, the paper device provides a level of accuracy for TFF3 determination in human urine equivalent to that of a commercial kit. The paper electroanalytical device incorporates two preconcentration steps that make it possible to detect concentrations of TFF3 in human urine at the low end of the target TFF3 concentration range (0.03-7.0 μg mL(-1)). The sensor is based on a quantitative metalloimmunoassay that can determine TFF3 concentrations via electrochemical detection of environmentally stable silver nanoparticle (AgNP) labels attached to magnetic microbeads via a TFF3 immunosandwich. more We report a paper-based assay platform for the detection of the kidney disease marker Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) in human urine. We report a paper-based assay platform for the detection of the kidney disease marker Trefoil Fac.
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